neurodevelopment

Altered cortical gyrification in adults who were born very preterm and its associations with cognition and mental health

Background The last trimester of pregnancy is a critical period for the establishment of cortical gyrification, and altered folding patterns have been reported following very preterm birth (textless 33 weeks of gestation) in childhood and …

A dimensional approach to assessing psychiatric risk in adults born very preterm

BackgroundIndividuals who were born very preterm have higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses compared with term-born controls; however, it remains unclear whether they also display increased sub-clinical psychiatric symptomatology. Hence, our …

Reward-Based Learning as a Function of Severity of Substance Abuse Risk in Drug-Naïve Youth with ADHD

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with elevated risk for later development of substance use disorders (SUD), specifically because youth with ADHD, similar to individuals with SUD, exhibit deficits in learning …

Volumetric grey matter alterations in adolescents and adults born very preterm suggest accelerated brain maturation

A whole-brain investigation of white matter microstructure in adolescents with conduct disorder

Background The biological basis of severe antisocial behaviour in adolescents is poorly understood. We recently reported that adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) have significantly increased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the uncinate fasciculus (a …

Alterations in development of hippocampal and cortical memory mechanisms following very preterm birth

Deficits in memory function have been described in children and adolescents who were born very preterm (VPT), which can have profound effects on their school achievement and everyday life. However, to date, little is known about the development of …

Reinforcement of the Brain's Rich-Club Architecture Following Early Neurodevelopmental Disruption Caused by Very Preterm Birth

The second half of pregnancy is a crucial period for the development of structural brain connectivity, and an abrupt interruption of the typical processes of development during this phase caused by the very preterm birth (textless33 weeks of …

Motor fMRI and cortical grey matter volume in adults born very preterm

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of motor planning, initiation and execution in a cohort of young adults (mean age 20 years) who were born very preterm (VPT; textless33 weeks of gestation), as these …

Neural compensation in adulthood following very preterm birth demonstrated during a visual paired associates learning task

Very preterm birth (VPT; textless 33 weeks of gestation) is associated with an increased risk of learning disability, which contributes to more VPT-born children repeating grades and underachieving in school. Learning problems associated with VPT …